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The Colosseum or Coliseum was initially known as the Flavian Amphitheater. The structure was built by the sovereigns of Flavian administration, following the rule of Nero. The name ‘Colosseum’ is gotten from the Latin word ‘Colosseus’ meaning goliath (‘Facts about the Colosseum’, n.d.). It was the biggest amphitheater of the Roman Empire and on the planet (Guinness World Records, 2013). It was likewise considered as perhaps the best work of Roman design and building. The Colosseum could hold between 50,000 to 80,000 observers. (William, 2005) It was utilized for gladiatorial challenges and open scenes, for example, creature chases, mock ocean fights, executions, reenactments of popular fights, and dramatizations dependent on Classical folklore. The structure is utilized for diversion in the early medieval time. It was later reused for various purposes, for example, lodging, workshops, a Christian place of worship, a fortification, a quarry, and quarters for a strict request (‘BBC's History of the Colosseum p. 1’ ,2012). Authentic Aspect The Colosseum was worked after the Flavian line of Emperors including Ves...

The Concept of Human Rights Essay Example for Free

The Concept of Human Rights Essay During the Second World War, the most awful slaughter occurred; submitted by the Nazi system, killing a large number of blameless individuals. The world couldn't accept this brutal occasion happened. â€Å"They felt like a war could never again be blamed so as to perpetrate wrongdoings against humanity†. (unac. organization) it was a choice that was made across all inclusive lines that the encroachment of Human Right will never again be acknowledged, and we will join as one to set up a statement of Human Rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was made and marked on December 10, 1948, there was legislatives from 48 nations who met up at the United Nations in Paris who had confidence in the worth and regard for human life. (unac. organization) After a few drafts and much discussion, the last form of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) developed. The (UDHR) was a rundown of essential benefits that the overall gathering chose were equivalent and only for all people. (unac. rg) The rundown of human rights comprised of six classes, for example, Political Rights, the option to cast a ballot, the privilege to citizenship and to take an interest in government. Freedom Rights: the privilege to opportunity of sentiment and articulation; Equality Rights: the option to be liberated from segregation; Economic Rights: the option to reasonable wages and safe working conditions; Social Rights: the privilege to training and to satisfactory human services; Security Rights: ensure individuals against wrongdoings, for example, murder, slaughter, torment, and assault. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Human rights is certainly NOT a static idea, it’s a powerful idea, since districts, individuals and conditions change and on the grounds that was set up various qualities after some time. For instance the issues on gay rights, which were not and worry in 1948 as it is since more gays are coming out and requesting a similar right as every other person respect marriage and fairness. Additionally, presently an unnatural weather change and the earth is an issue among numerous regions there is an interest for the privilege to a spotless domain. Agreeing Professor Philip Alston, Chairman of the UN Committee. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights can have augmentations included it, however the first assertion can't be changed. Along these lines, we will keep on creating Human rights in America and over the globe. It will be a moderate procedure as issues emerge, however it is important to improve this world a spot for every single person.

Marketing plan for a new self service laundry In Dubai, UAE Essay

Showcasing plan for another self assistance clothing In Dubai, UAE - Essay Example This will guarantee that there is low custom and that authority is unified. There are other association structures that can be utilized to satisfactorily enable the organization to accomplish its destinations. One of such hierarchical plans is the group structure where the organization is made of various groups who work independently however towards achieving a shared objective. It is simpler to accomplish the company’s goals as a group instead of as people since various individuals have various abilities and skill. The organization will contend in a clothing administration industry and will subsequently be giving clothing administrations to the individuals of Dubai. The organization contends straightforwardly with other clothing administration organizations, for example, Champion Cleaners. Champion Cleaners has in excess of forty outlets in United Arabs Emirates including Dubai. The organization offers clothing administrations to around 50% of the clothing administration clients in Dubai. In the year 2013, the organization recorded deals of around 1.3 million pieces of clothing for every year. Our organization is yet to start its tasks in Dubai consequently it has no portion of market. The organization wishes to acquire at any rate a 20% portion of the Dubai advertise inside the three years of its activities. The organization will contend legitimately with the get and entryway to entryway conveyance administrations offered by the Champion Cleaners which has seen the organization develop at a hi gh rate and even extend its activities outside United Arabs Emirates. Since our organization will be starting its tasks in Dubai, we will contend locally with the Champion Cleaners. The Champion cleaners anyway contend locally, broadly and even provincially with other clothing administration organizations. All things considered, the development of the clothing administration industry in Dubai can be evaluated to around six percent over the most recent five years with not very many players coming into the business. The interest for the clothing administrations in Dubai is steady consistently. The condition of both

Tips For Using Power Point Presentations

Tips For Using Power Point PresentationsUsing a Power Point presentation can allow you to enhance your presentation. It allows you to control every move you make and gives you a sense of control. If you want to get more accomplished with your presentation, consider some tips.Before you begin to prepare your presentation, set up your notes in an orderly manner so that you don't lose track of them. Keep your notes organized by using the tabs on your computer. For this process to be effective, keep your main notes at the top of the presentation, and all other notes at the bottom. Keep your main notes easy to see so that you can read them quickly.When you have finished, it's important to check that your time is adequate for all the information you need to include. In order to make sure that you are getting the information you need, it's good to give yourself some time. This may mean having your power point presentation ready a day or two ahead of time. However, if you have a deadline, th en plan on checking into your project for an extra day. Your power point presentation may take up a few hours, so try to break it up into smaller, more manageable segments.When you write out your main points, consider whether it would be more efficient to include graphics, images, or both. Depending on the type of presentation you are preparing, it may be best to include these features. On the other hand, if you are only planning to have one main point, then graphics may not be necessary.When you are preparing a basic overview of your presentation, you may choose to include text or graphics. Text is generally easier to read, as well as more effective when delivering a concise message. Graphics will also make your audience think about what you are saying. On the other hand, it may be more difficult to read your text if you are going to be using a graphical presentation. However, this may depend on the type of presentation you are planning to create.Before you begin your presentation, you may want to determine which basic elements you will include. Since you'll be making many changes during your presentation, it may be best to decide which elements you're going to include. Include the content you are going to discuss, and whether you will start with a summary or a full presentation. Also, determine the specific content you'll use. You can go through your notes to determine which items you will use. Or, you can include a blank page to begin your presentation.Using a Power Point presentation can enhance your presentations. You can use it to increase your skill at presenting in front of others. If you are unsure how to properly use a Power Point presentation, look for tips from an expert.

Essay on An Analysis of a Woman’s Manhood in A Doll’s House

In society, an ideal man is perceived as the bread winner who guides his family to victory or survival; his wife on the other hand stands by his side to see the family part. The qualities of a man consist of great character to the action he takes for his family to achieve greatness. On the other hand women’s qualities are ordinary gentile, caring, and meant to endure through everything to protect the ones they love. Although these two qualities pose a contradiction, this does not mean the traits of a man and a woman could not ever intertwine. Men are considered to be the dominate species until Henrik Ibsen’s 1879 play A Doll’s House challenges the power that men think they are entitled to have over women. Throughout the novel the†¦show more content†¦However her short time span and seriousness of the situation cause her to act quickly. Nora chooses to forge the signature made out of fear for her husband and family. In example, Harriet Tubman is kept in mind as the heroic woman who assist hundreds of slaves in finding freedom. Nora could also be seen as a life saver (to her husband) because she convinces her father to let her borrow money to go to Italy, as far as Torvald knows. Tubman led so many people to a better life through the Underground Railroad to assist runaway slaves to freedom. Just as Nora assists her husband in his time of need, she also helps her kids by insuring they have a stable childhood. This is the first step Nora takes on her journey developing into a woman with male qualities. Work Cited Amos, Valerie, and Pratibha Parmar. Feminist Review. Challenging Imperial Feminism 80 (2005): 44-63. JSTOR. Palgrave Macmillan Journals. Web. 24 Apr. 2010. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3874364?Search=yesterm=19thterm=centuryterm=marriageslist=hidesearchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3D19th%2Bcentury%2Bmarriages%26wc%3Don%26dc%3DFeminist%2B%2526amp%253B%2BWomen%2527s%2BStudiesitem=19ttl=71returnArticleService=showArticle. Baron-Faust, Rita. Being Female: What Every Woman Should Know about Gynecological Health. New York: William Morrow, 1998. Print: 32, 56, 74, 118, 203 and 270.Show MoreRelatedAn Analysis of a Woman’s Manhood in A Doll’s House Essay698 Words   |  3 Pagesuntil death takes a toll. There are those who have either fulfilled their life goals or the ones who lived a passive life truly regret everything on their death beds. Growing up and maturing goes hand in hand. A master plot seen in Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House is maturation. Maturation is when the Protagonist faces a problem that is part of growing up, and from dealing with it, emerging into a state of adulthood. The protagonist Nora is developed throughout the play from an ignorant child to a strong

Analysis Of The Film Half The Sky - 1764 Words

Domestic violence, sex trafficking, female genital mutilation, sexual harassments and rape are all forms of violence against women. These atrocious acts against women and children have been dated back to when African Americans were apart of the institution of slavery. Compare to males, female slaves are subject to have sexual encounters with their masters. In Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, we are able to witness enslavement in the perspectives of a female slave. Moreover, it unveils how masters felt like they had total control over a female slave’s mind and body. As time progressed, women became more empowered and independent in the Unites States. However, women are still subject to violence and gender inequality in many parts of the world. The film, â€Å"Half the Sky† portrays how women and girls in poverty-stricken countries such as India and Vietnam, face a plethora of hardships that prevents them from obtaining an education. They are inferio r to men and are expected to stay at home to care for their family. The film also depicts how women and children are trafficked for the purpose of sexual and labor exploitations. During the 19th century African American men, women and children were captured, held in confinement, brutalized and deprived of their basic human rights to be free. The institution of slavery had a major effect on female slaves. Being a male or female slave came with its own cruelties. For example, female slaves were sexually exploitedShow MoreRelatedThe Lion King s Model Of The Hero s Journey Push An Agenda Towards Adults1139 Words   |  5 Pageschildren as the target audience†? Yes, although it is a children’s movie, it does push an agenda towards adults. We have covered a couple out of several lessons the directors fixed to the audience. We can now draw three important implications of this analysis. The Lion King campaigns for an environmental improvement before it is too late, a spiritual calling to build upon a relationship with the religion each one of us practices and a cinematic implication of CGI. Initially, the Lion King makes a callRead MoreCase Study Analysis Of Pixar Animated Studios1248 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study Analysis on Pixar Animated Studios Becoming Familiar with Pixar This case study analysis is about Pixar Animated Studios. Pixar Animated Studios, the studio that creates original films such as Toy Story, The Incredibles, and Cars, is an American animation film studio. It was found by Edwin E. Catmull in 1975 and in 1979; Catmull and his team worked with the director George W. Lucas and named their film studio Lucas Films. 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Programm free essay sample

Programming exercises 1. Consider the following incomplete C++ program #include int main() { †¦. } a. Write a statement that include the header files fstream, string, and iomanip in this program. b. Write statements that declare inFile to be an ifstream variable and outFile to be an ofstream variable. c. The program will read data from the file inData. txt and write output to the file outData. txt. Write statements to open both of these files, associate inFile with inData. txt, and associate outFile with outData. txt. . Suppose that the file inData. txt contains the following data: 10. 20 5. 35 15. 6 Randy Gill 31 18500 3. 5 A The numbers in the first line represent the length and width, respectively, of a rectangle. The number in the second line represents the radius of a circle. The third line contains the first name, last name, and the age of a person. The first number in the fourth line is the savings account balance at the beginning of the month, and the second number is th e interest rate per year. We will write a custom essay sample on Programm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Assume thatp = 3. 1416. The fifth line contains an uppercase letter between A and Y (inclusive). Write statements so that after the program executes, the contents of the file outData. txt are as shown below. If necessary, declare additional variables. Your statements should be general enough so that if the content of the input file changes and the program is run again(without editing and recompiling), it outputs the appropriate results. Rectangle: Length = 10. 20, width = 5. 35, area = 54. 57, parameter = 31. 10 Circle: Radius = 15. 60, area = 764. 4, circumference = 98. 02 Name: Randy Gill, age: 31 Beginning balance = $18500. 00, interest rate = 3. 50 Balance at the end of the month = $18553. 96 The character that comes after A in the ASCII set is B e. Write statements that close the input and output files. f. Write a C++ program that tests the statements in parts a through e. 4. During each summer, John and Jessica grow vegetables in their back yard and buy seeds and fertilizer f rom a local nursery. The nursery carries different types of vegetable fertilizers in various bag sizes. When buying a particular fertilizer, they want to know the price of the fertilizer per pound and the cost of fertilizing per square foot. The following program prompts the user to enter the size of the fertilizer bag, in pounds, the cost of bag, and the area in square feet, that can be covered by the bag. The program should output the desired result. However, the program contains logical errors. Find and correct the logic errors so that the program works properly. // Logic Errors #include #include iomanip using namespace std; int main() { double cost; double area; Double bagSize cout

Theory Drilling Machines Flashcard

Theory Drilling Machines

Ofdm-Based Cooperative Communications in a Single Path Relay Network and a Multiple Path Relay Network Essays

Ofdm-Based Cooperative Communications in a Single Path Relay Network and a Multiple Path Relay Network Essays Ofdm-Based Cooperative Communications in a Single Path Relay Network and a Multiple Path Relay Network Essay Ofdm-Based Cooperative Communications in a Single Path Relay Network and a Multiple Path Relay Network Essay In this thesis, we investigate cooperation by applying OFDM signals to cooperative relay networks. We consider the single path relay network and the multiple path relay network. Using the amplify-and-forward relay algorithm, we derive the input-output relations and mutual informations of both networks. Using a power constraint at each relay, we consider two relay power allocation schemes.The ? rst is constant gain allocation, where the amplifying gain used in the amplify-and-forward algorithm is constant for all subcarriers. The second is equal power allocation, where each subcarrier transmits the same power. The former scheme does not require CSI (channel state information), while the latter one does. We simulate the mutual informations using the two relay power allocation schemes. Results indicate that equal power allocation gives a slightly higher mutual information for the single path relay network. For the multiple path network, the mutual information is practically the same for both schemes.Using the decode-and-forward relay algorithm, we derive the inputoutput relations for both networks. The transmitter and each relay are assumed to have uniform power distributions in this case. We simulate the BER (bit error rate) and WER (word error rate) performance for the two networks using both the amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward relay algorithms. For the single path relay network, amplify-andforward gives very poor performance, because as we increase the distance between the transmitter and receiver (and thus, add more relays), more noise and channel distortion enter the system. Decode-and-forward gives signi? antly better performance because noise and channel distortion are eliminated at each relay. For the multiple path relay network, decode-and-forward again gives better performance than amplify-and-forward. However, the performance gains are small compared to the single path relay network case.Therefore, amplify-and-forward may be a more attractive choice due to its lower complexity. ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Wireless communication systems inherently su? er from multipath propagation and channel fading. Time diversity, space diversity, frequency diversity [8], and combinations of the three are traditionally used to combat these e? cts. More recently, relays situated between the transmitter and receiver are also being exploited to improve information transfer. The relays are a network of transceiver nodes between the transmitter and receiver that facilitate the transfer of information. Thus, the relay network as a whole is an equivalent channel between the transmitter and receiver. This type of scheme is known as cooperation or cooperative communications in the literature because the relay network is cooperating with the transmitter and receiver to improve performance.In this thesis, we consider cooperation in the context of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. 1. 1 Motivation The motivation for cooperati ve communications is obvious. Cellular phones, laptops and personal digital assistants (PDAs) are just three examples of wireless devices that are very prevalent today. These transceiver devices usually communicate independently from each other. As the authors in [6] note, this is wasting the broadcast nature of the wireless medium.For example, if a base station is communicating with a user’s cellular phone, his/her nearby laptop has the capability to receive the base station’s signals and relay them to the phone, improving the end-to-end performance of the base station-phone link. Unfortunately, laptops and cellular phones today are not designed this way. This illustration is an example of an ad-hoc network, where nodes spontaneously recognize each other and cooperate. In this thesis, we investigate structured networks, where each node knows the existence of all the other nodes a priori.Whether the nodes discover each other through an ad-hoc algorithm or they are pre- programmed to have this knowledge is beyond the scope 1 of this thesis. 1. 2 Related Literature The authors in [10], [11] have considered cooperation between intra-cell users in a code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular network. In this case, cooperation results in higher data rates and leads to lower power requirements for users. As well, the system is less sensitive to channel variations. Relaying of signals, as viewed from the physical layer, is not a trivial issue. The authors in [5], [6], [7] have provided several physical layer relay algorithms.These include amplifyand-forward, decode-and-forward and selection relaying. In amplify-and-forward, a node ampli? es its receive symbol, subject to a power constraint, before re-transmitting to the next node. This algorithm is obviously with low complexity. In decode-and-forward, a node fully decodes a symbol, re-encodes it and then re-transmits it. In other words, this scheme attempts to eliminate channel distortion and noise at each node. In selection relaying, a node only re-transmits a symbol if the measured receiving channel gain is above a certain threshold.If the threshold is not reached, the relay requests a re-transmission from the sender. In networking terminology, this is a type of automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme. The authors in [6], [7] have investigated cooperation for the classical relay channel introduced in [1], [7]. Outage probability is used to characterize performance. Outage probability is the probability that the mutual information between the transmitter and receiver does not reach a certain throughput threshold. Without cooperation, the outage probability decays proportionally with 1/SNR, where SNR is the signal-to-noise ratio of the channel.Using cooperation and the amplify-and-forward scheme, the outage probability decays proportionally with 1/SNR2 , achieving full diversity. This results in large power savings for the transmitter. The authors in [3], [4] have investigated coo peration for a single path of relays connected in series. The motivation for this network structure is that broader wireless coverage can be achieved, while still maintaining a low power constraint at the transmitter. The authors consider analog relaying and digital relaying as two possible relay algorithms. These are 2 equivalent to the amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward algorithms, respectively.A power budget is considered where each packet travelling through the network is only allowed to consume a total ? xed amount of power. As well, each node has a certain transmit power limit. The outage probability is then minimized by allocating power among the relay network under these power constraints. This power allocation accounts for the channel conditions in the network in order to achieve the optimal outage probability. Simulations indicate that 2 dB of total power can be saved for 5 relays by using optimal power allocation instead of uniform power allocation. This is for th e decode-and-forward case.However, at high SNR values, the decode-and-forward case approximates the amplify-and-forward case. The authors in [13] have investigated cooperation for multiple paths of relays connected in parallel. In the conventional scheme, all relays participate using amplify-and-forward. This is called all-participate amplify-and-forward (AP-AF). The authors also consider an algorithm where only one relay is selected in the transmission to maximize the mutual information. This is called selection amplify-and-forward (S-AF). S-AF selects the relay which results in the maximum mutual information between transmitter and receiver.Simulations of outage probability indicate that 5 dB of SNR can be saved for 3 relays by using S-AF instead of AP-AF. The authors in [9] derive symbol error probabilities for multiple paths of relays. 1. 3 OFDM in Cooperative Communications In this thesis, we continue to investigate cooperation by applying OFDM signals to cooperative relay netw orks. We consider a single path relay network and a multiple path relay network. Using the amplify-and-forward relay algorithm, we derive the input-output relations and the mutual informations of both networks. Using a power constraint at each relay, we consider two relay power allocation schemes.The ? rst is constant gain allocation, where the amplifying gain used in the amplify-and-forward algorithm is constant for all subcarriers. The second is equal power allocation, where each subcarrier transmits the same power. We simulate the mutual informations using these two relay power allocations. Using the decode-and-forward relay algorithm, we derive input-output relations for both 3 networks. We simulate bit error rates (BERs) and word error rates (WERs) for the two networks using both the amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward relay algorithms. 1. 4Organization of Thesis The thesis is organized as follows. In Chapter 2, we consider the single path relay network in [3], [4]. In C hapter 3, we consider a modi? ed version of the multiple path relay network in [13] where the transmitter-receiver direct link is removed. Notice that these latter two relay con? gurations are series and parallel analogs of each other. As well, they do not involve a direct link between the transmitter and receiver. Finally, Chapter 4 concludes the thesis and provides future research directions. 4 CHAPTER II SINGLE PATH RELAY NETWORK 2. 1 2. . 1 Amplify-and-Forward System Model Figure 1 shows the single path relay network. In the ? gure, r0 is the transmitter, rm+1 is the receiver, and r1 , . . . , rm are m relay nodes connected in series forming a single path link between the transmitter and receiver. The relays perform amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying. We assume that OFDM with N subcarriers is used in the system. hk , . . . , hk (0) (m) (0) are the complex subchannel gains at the kth subcarrier in the link, for (m) k = 1 to N . nk , . . . , nk are the corresponding noises, which a re assumed to be mutually ndependent, zero-mean, circular symmetric complex Gaussians all with variance N0 B/N , where N0 is the power spectral density of the underlying continuous time noise process and B is the OFDM bandwidth of the system. Let pk = Ptot /N be the transmitter power on (l) the kth subcarrier, where Ptot is the net transmitter power. Let pk be the amplifying gain used in the amplify-and-forward algorithm at the lth relay, for l = 1 to m. The kth (0) receive symbol at rl is ampli? ed by pk before it is forwarded to the next node. (l) Let xk be the kth transmit symbol with zero mean and unit variance.Let yk be the kth receive symbol at the receiver. Using Figure 1, the input-output relation is (0) nk r1 nk hk (1) (m? 1) nk (m) rm+1 r0 hk (0) hk (m? 1) rm hk (m) Receiver Transmitter Figure 1: Single Path Relay Network 5 m yk = i=0 (i) hk (i) pk m xk + j=0 ? ? m (i) hk i=j+1 where we assume r i=q a(i) = 1 for q gt; r and any a(i) . We use this assumption throughout (i) (j) pk ? n k , ? (1) the rest of this paper. If we de? ne m hk = i=0 hk (i) pk , ? k = i=j+1 (i) (j) m hk (i) pk , (i) (2) ?k = and ?k (0)  ·  ·  · ? k (m) , nk = nk (0)  ·  ·  · nk (m) T , (3) wk = ? k nk , then (1) can be written as yk = hk xk + wk .Now, consider the variance of wk . Using (2), (3), and (4), we have Rw k w k ? = E [wk wk ] (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (i) (i) bk p k ? , = E ? k nk nH ? H k k = ? k E nk nH ? H k k = N0 B N m j=0 ? m where E [ ·] is the expectation operator, ( ·)? is the complex conjugate operator for a scalar, ( ·)H is the Hermitian (complex transpose) operator for a vector or matrix, and bk = hk (i) (i) 2 ? i=j+1 ? (9) , for i = 0 to m. Rwk wk is positive for a nonzero N0 . We de? ne a transformed version of the system in (5) ? yk = hk xk + wk , ? ? (10) 6 ? where yk = yk / Rwk wk , hk = hk / Rwk wk , and wk = wk / Rwk wk .The variances of wk ? ? ? and yk are ? E [wk wk ] = E ? = wk Rwk wk ? wk Rw k w k (11) (12) (13) Rw k w k Rw k w k = 1 and E [? k yk ] = E y ? hk xk + wk ? ? hk xk + wk ? ? (14) (15) ? ? = hk h? + 1 k = 1 Rw k w k m i=0 bk p k (i) (i) + 1, (16) ? ? respectively. The cross terms do not appear in (16) because hk , wk , and xk are mutually independent. Note that the transformed system has unit variance noise. 2. 1. 2 Mutual Information To derive the mutual information, note that the di? erential entropy of a circular symmetric complex Gaussian vector, v, with covariance matrix, K, is h (v) = log2 det (? eK) [2].When the circular symmetric complex Gaussian is a scalar, v, the di? erential entropy is 2 2 h (v) = log2 ? e? v , where ? v is the variance of v. Let Ik be the mutual information between the transmitter and receiver on the kth subcarrier Ik = h (? k ) ? h (wk ) y ? = log2 ? e = log2 1 Rwk wk 1 Rw k w k m i=0 m i=0 (17) bk p k bk p k (i) (i) (i) (i) +1 ? log2 (? e) (18) (19) +1 , where the ? rst equality comes from basic mutual information calculations [1]. The total mutual information betwe en the transmitter and receiver, I, is the sum of all Ik divided by N . That is, after substituting (9) into (19), we have I = 1 N NIk k=1 (20) 7 = 1 N N k=1 log2 ? 1 + SNR ? T ? ? bk (0) (i) (i) m i=1 bk pk (i) (i) m i=j+1 bk pk m j=0 , (21) where SNR = Ptot /N0 B. If we denote b(i) = for i = 0 to m and T b1 (i)  ·  ·  · bN (i) and p(i) = p1 (i)  ·  ·  · pN (i) T , (22) eN = 1  ·Ã‚ ·Ã‚ · 1 N ones , (23) then (21) can be written in matrix form. First, let m zsingle = b(0) ? ? i=1 b(i) ? p(i) where the ? and ? operators both represent element-wise matrix multiplication and the ? /? ? m j=0 ? m i=j+1 b(i) ? p(i) , (24) ?/ operator represents element-wise matrix division. Then, (21) in matrix form is I= 1 T e log2 eN + SNR zsingle , N N (25) here log2 ( ·) of a vector is the vector of the logarithms of the vector’s entries. 2. 1. 3 Relay Power Allocation We assume that the net transmit power at the transmitter and at each each relay is Ptot . At the transmit ter, we assume a uniform power distribution, that is, pk (0) = Ptot /N . To (l) derive the power constraint at each relay and thus, possible power allocations, consider vk , the kth transmit symbol of rl vk = (l) (l) pk ? ? l? 1 i=0 N hk (i) pk (l) 2 (i) l? 1 xk + j=0 ? ? l? 1 i=j+1 hk (i) (i) (j) pk ? n k ? . ? ? (26) The constraint is Ptot = k=1 N E ? vk . Thus, l? 1 j=0 (l) (0) P Ptot = pk ? k tot N k=1 l? 1 i=1 bk p k (i) (i) N0 B + N ? ? l? 1 i=j+1 (i) (i) bk pk (27) 8 or pk ? (0) bk N k=1 N (l) ? l? 1 i=1 (i) (i) bk p k Note that (28) is de? ned recursively. The power constraint for pk depends on pk , . . . , pk pk is the base case in the recursion, which follows from (28), when l = 1. (1) 1 l? 1 ? l? 1 (i) (i) b p = 1. + SNR j=0 i=j+1 k k (l) ? (28) (1) (l? 1) . (l) One power allocation at the lth relay is to set pk constant for all subcarriers. This results in moving pk in (28) out of the summation because it is no longer a function of k pk,ct = pct = (l) (l) (l) N SNRN k=1 ? We call this constant gain allocation (CT). Note that this power allocation does not require each relay to have any CSI (channel state information). The lth relay only has to multiply its entire OFDM receive symbol by a constant, pct , such that the total transmit power is (l) ?SNRb(0) k l? 1 i=1 (i) (i) bk pct l? 1 + j=0 ? ? l? 1 i=j+1 (i) (i) bk pct . (29) Ptot . We call constant gain capacity, Cct , as the mutual information in (25) resulting from this power allocation. A second power allocation is to choose pk such that every subcarrier transmits the same power at the lth relay.The transmit power on the kth subcarrier is the kth summand on the right hand side of (27). Since they are all equal to Ptot /N , we have Ptot (l) (0) P = pk,eq ? bk tot N N pk,eq = SNRbk (0) (l) (l) ? l? 1 i=1 (i) (i) bk pk,eq N0 B + N l? 1 j=0 ? ? l? 1 i=j+1 or (i) (i) bk pk,eq (30) SNR l? 1 i=1 bk pk,eq (i) (i) l? 1 + j=0 ? ? l? 1 i=j+1 We call this equal power allocation (EQ). Note that this power allocation does require each relay to have the CSI of its upstream channels. We call equal power capacity, Ceq , as the mutual information in (25) resulting from this power allocation. 2. 1. 4 Capacity Simulations k pk,eq ? (i) (i) ?. (31) We simulate Cct and Ceq assuming that all distances between any two adjacent transceiver nodes are the same. Therefore, all path loss e? ects are normalized to 0 dB. Shadowing 9 between nodes is assumed to be log-normally distributed. That is, the received power gain due to shadowing in dB is a zero-mean Gaussian with variance of 8 dB, which is typical for cellular land mobile applications [12]. We model frequency selective fading e? ects as Typical Urban (TU) channels and Hilly Terrain (HT) channels [12]. We use an OFDM bandwidth of 800 kHz divided into N = 128 equal blocks.Maintaining OFDM orthogonality, this translates into an OFDM symbol period of Ts = 160  µs. Results are shown in Figures 2 and 3. The plots exhibit the familiar monot onically increasing shape for mutual information in the case of direct transmission between a transmitter and receiver. This is expected if we look at the mutual information in (25). We can think of this con? guration as still being direct transmission where the channel is the single path relay network, characterized by zsingle . Note that zsingle also determines the power allocations in the relays.In other words, (25) is a system level representation of the mutual information. As we increase the distance between the transmitter and receiver (and thus, add more relays), more noise and channel distortion enter the system. Consequently, the mutual information decreases. Equal power allocation results in a slightly higher mutual information than that of constant gain allocation. TU channels and HT channels give very similar results. 2. 2 2. 2. 1 Decode-and-Forward System Model In decode-and-forward (DF), each relay fully recovers the information bits (with possible errors) after receiv ing an OFDM symbol.It then converts the information bits back into an OFDM symbol and then transmits it. The transmitter and all the relays transmit with the same uniform power distribution. That is, pk = pk = for k = 1 to N and for l = 1 to m. (l) (0) Let xk be the kth transmit symbol from the transmitter and xk be the kth transmit (m+1) be the symbol from the lth relay, all with with zero mean and unit variance. Let yk (0) (l) Ptot , N (32) 10 8 7 8 Cct Ceq 7 Cct Ceq Capacity (bits/s/Hz) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Capacity (bits/s/Hz) 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 SNR (dB) (a) m=1 8 7 8 SNR (dB) (b) m=2 Cct CeqCct Ceq 7 Capacity (bits/s/Hz) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Capacity (bits/s/Hz) 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 SNR (dB) (c) m=3 SNR (dB) (d) m=4 Figure 2: Capacity in a single path relay network with TU channels using AF. N = 128, m = 1, 2, 3, and 4. 11 8 7 8 Cct Ceq 7 Cct Ceq Capacity (bits/s/Hz) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Capacity (bits/s/Hz) 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 SNR (dB) (a) m=1 8 7 8 SNR (dB) (b) m=2 Cct Ceq Cct Ceq 7 Capacity (bits/s/Hz) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Capacity (bits/s/Hz) 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 SNR (dB) (c) m=3 SNR (dB) (d) m=4Figure 3: Capacity in a single path relay network with HT channels using AF. N = 128, m = 1, 2, 3, and 4. 12 output 1 input output 2 output 3 Figure 4: Convolutional encoder. kth receive symbol at the receiver and yk be the kth receive symbol at the lth relay. Using (l) Figure 1, the input-ouput relation at the lth relay is yk = hk (l) (l? 1) Ptot (l? 1) (l? 1) + nk . x N k (33) The input-output relation at the receiver is yk (m+1) = hk (m) Ptot (m) (m) + nk . x N k (34) 2. 3 BER and WER Simulations We simulate bit error rates (BERs) and word error rates (WERs) for both the amplify-andforward and decode-and-forward cases.At the transmitter (and at the transmitter structure of a relay using decode-and-forward), each information word contains 83 bits. Using the convolutional encoder shown in Figure 4, the information word is encoded into a 255 bit codeword. A zero bit is padded at the end to make 256 bits. The bits are then interleaved and modulated onto N = 128 QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying) subcarriers to form one OFDM symbol. At the receiver (and at the receiver structure of a relay using decodeand-forward), the codeword is recovered (with possible errors) using a matched ? lter and 13 deinterleaving.A Viterbi decoder is used to decode the codeword. Both hard decisions and soft decisions are used. We assume that all distances between any two adjacent transceiver nodes are the same. Therefore, all path loss e? ects are normalized to 0 dB. Shadowing is assumed to be lognormally distributed. That is, the received power gain due to shadowing in dB is a zero-mean Gaussian with variance of 8 dB, which is typical for cellular land mobile applications [12]. We model frequency selective fading as Typical Urban (TU) channels and Hilly Terrain (HT) channels [12]. We use an OFDM bandwidth of 800 kHz divided into N = 128 equal blocks.Maintaining OFDM orthogonality, this translates into an OFDM symbol period of Ts = 160  µs. 2. 3. 1 Amplify-and-Forward The BER versus SNR and WER versus SNR plots for a single path relay network with TU channels using amplify-and-forward are shown in Figures 5 and 6, respectively. The corresponding plots for HT channels are shown in Figures 7 and 8, respectively. As expected, soft decisions in Viterbi decoding give better performance than hard decisions. In particular, there is up to 4 dB of SNR gain for the constant gain allocation and m = 1 case, as shown in Figures 5(a), 6(a), 7(a), and 8(a).In general, using hard decisions with constant gain allocation results in the worst performance. Soft decisions with equal power allocation gives the best performance, except for the m = 1 case, where soft decisions with constant gain allocation is slightly better. As w e increase the distance between the transmitter and receiver (and thus, add more relays), more noise and channel distortion enter the system. Consequently, the error rate (BER and WER) performance becomes worse and as a result, all four curves are very close together at low to medium SNR values. TU channels and HT channels give very similar results. . 3. 2 Decode-and-Forward The BER versus SNR and WER versus SNR plots for a single path relay network with TU channels using decode-and-forward are shown in Figures 9 and 10, respectively. The 14 10 0 10 0 10 ?1 10 ?1 BER 10 ?2 BER hard, constant gain allocation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 10 ?2 10 ?3 10 ?3 10 ?4 10 ?4 hard, constant gain allocation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 SNR (dB) (a) m=1 10 0 SNR (dB) (b) m=2 10 0 10 ?1 10 ?1 BER 10 ?2 BER ard, constant gain allocati on hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 10 ?2 10 ?3 10 ?3 10 ?4 10 ?4 hard, constant gain allocation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 SNR (dB) (c) m=3 SNR (dB) (d) m=4 Figure 5: BER in a single path relay network with TU channels using AF. N = 128, m = 1, 2, 3, and 4. 15 10 0 10 0 WER 10 ?1 WER hard, constant gain allocation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 10 1 10 ?2 10 ?2 hard, constant gain allocation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 SNR (dB) (a) m=1 10 0 SNR (dB) (b) m=2 10 0 WER 10 ?1 WER hard, constant gain allocation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 10 ?1 10 ?2 10 ?2 hard, constant gain alloc ation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 SNR (dB) (c) m=3 SNR (dB) (d) m=4 Figure 6: WER in a single path relay network with TU channels using AF.N = 128, m = 1, 2, 3, and 4. 16 10 0 10 0 10 ?1 10 ?1 BER 10 ?2 BER hard, constant gain allocation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 10 ?2 10 ?3 10 ?3 10 ?4 10 ?4 hard, constant gain allocation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 SNR (dB) (a) m=1 10 0 SNR (dB) (b) m=2 10 0 10 ?1 10 ?1 BER 10 ?2 BER hard, constant gain allocation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 10 ?2 10 ?3 10 ?3 10 4 10 ?4 hard, constant gain allocation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 SNR ( dB) (c) m=3 SNR (dB) (d) m=4 Figure 7: BER in a single path relay network with HT channels using AF. N = 128, m = 1, 2, 3, and 4. 17 10 0 10 0 WER 10 ?1 WER hard, constant gain allocation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 10 ?1 10 ?2 10 ?2 hard, constant gain allocation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24SNR (dB) (a) m=1 10 0 SNR (dB) (b) m=2 10 0 WER 10 ?1 WER hard, constant gain allocation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 10 ?1 10 ?2 10 ?2 hard, constant gain allocation hard, equal power allocation soft, constant gain allocation soft, equal power allocation 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 SNR (dB) (c) m=3 SNR (dB) (d) m=4 Figure 8: WER in a single path relay network with HT channels using AF. N = 128, m = 1, 2, 3, and 4. 18 10 0 10 0 hard soft ?1 ? 1 hard soft 10 10 BER 10 ?2 BER 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 10 ?2 10 ?3 0 ?3 10 ?4 10 ?4 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 SNR (dB) (a) m=1 10 0 SNR (dB) (b) m=2 10 0 hard soft ?1 ? 1 hard soft 10 10 BER 10 ?2 BER 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 10 ?2 10 ?3 10 ?3 10 ?4 10 ?4 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 SNR (dB) (c) m=3 SNR (dB) (d) m=4 Figure 9: BER in a single path relay network with TU channels using DF. N = 128, m = 1, 2, 3, and 4. corresponding plots for HT channels are shown in Figures 11 and 12, respectively. As expected, soft decisions in Viterbi decoding give better performance than hard decisions. In particular, there is up to 5 dB of SNR gain, as shown in the plots.As we increase the distance between the transmitter and receiver (and thus, add more relays), more noise and channel distortion enter the system. However, the error rate (BER and WER) performance su? ers only slightly as m increases. TU channels and HT channels give very similar results. 2. 3. 3 Comparison The BER versus SNR and WER versus SNR plots for a single path relay network with TU channels using amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward are shown in Figures 13 and 19 10 0 10 0 hard soft hard soft WER 10 ?1 WER 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 10 ?1 10 ?2 10 ?2

What do you think hitler's view would be on western expansion Assignment

What do you think hitler's view would be on western expansion - Assignment Example Hitler had this in mind since he masterminded the Second World War (Muller & Gerd 49). After annexing Austria, Hitler’s view was that Germany needed to be powerful at the expense of eastern nations like Russia and Poland. To Hitler, these nations were populated by ‘Sub-humans’, hence, their territories needed to be taken away. Germany was rising in terms of power, and led by Hitler, they believed that whatever suited them needed to be taken by them. Hitler first went to German speaking regions that had initially been taken away from German by the Versailles Treaty. German first took the Saar Basin and later attacked the Rhineland. After taking Austria, they moved up to the Southern region of Czechoslovakia which was called Sudentenland. Hitler’s view was that there were many German nationals in these regions. Hitler then went ahead and took the whole of Czechoslovakia. None of the Western Alliance powers were able to stop Hitler. This marked the beginning of the Second World War. This had been a ploy by Hitler to form a large alliance that w ould fight for him in the Second World War (Muller & Gerd 78). Yes. At that time, there was a battle for supremacy. Hitler fathomed that German’s allies in the First World War would not support them in case another major war came up. Hitler wanted to conquer the whole of Europe, hence he triggered the war. By annexing most German speaking regions, he formed a formidable

Financial accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Financial accounting - Essay Example There has been continued political as well as public pressure to have better regulation standards to ensure that there is economic growth. Scholars affirm that regulation of financial reports should start with solid corporate governance, making sure that the spirit of novelty is not negatively affected (Gibson 2012). Therefore, this paper seeks to offer a rational critical evaluation on financial reporting regulation and whether or not it should be reduced. Research shows that regulation of financial reports can be either right or wrong, depending on the nature of the firm and the extent to which such disclosures are regulated. However, it is evident that there are numerous drawbacks that come with having excessive guidelines; hence, they should be reduced to promote innovation, healthy competition, guarantee fiscal growth, and stability. Regulation is defined as a principle that governs a particular practice or behaviour. Various firms such as Enron have gone bankrupt and have reported failures in accounting because of unethical practices. As a result, most nations have focused on heavily regulating the financial reports and accounts to avoid failures such as those that happened in renowned firms like Lehman Brothers and Parmalat among others. Although regulation of financial reports is important and might appear sound, it should not be excessive as it damages the nation’s spirit of competitive innovation (Unerman &O’Dwyer 2004). Excessive regulation constrains innovation and business practices; hence, regulation of financial reporting should be minimised. It is important to understand that for a nation to be positively impacted by such standards, then, rules ought to start with solid corporate governance. It is the duty of the shareholders as well as the members of the board to examine carefully and e nsure that their firms are led in the right path to realise their goals (Whittington 2006). Encouraging accountability,

Societal Standards Essay Example for Free

Societal Standards Essay Imagine a 62 man with broad shoulders, deep voice, hairy body, masculine personality, and pink glittery nail polish. His friends give him a hard time about it, they say that he is not a real man. He decides to hang out with more woman and when more and more people start to consider him gay, he becomes it. Men do not have the wiggle room to explore the feminine stereotypes. Masculine stereotypes are more confining than feminine stereotypes in the social and professional world. Social masculine stereotypes are more confining than feminine stereotypes. Men are more strictly contained while women are more open to explore a variety of stereotypes. In a recent, USA Today article Gender Stereotypes author Seine Wenig writes on a strict line drawn between masculine and female stereotypes. Yet how this line is slowly fading the woman. Wenig reiterates how for girls There is ample room to maneuver and how Ever-growing range of tomboys sports options which in the past were mostly the domain of boys. Girls can now be free and engage in activities and sports which boys dominate. While male stereotypes and stereotypical fathers cause men to have a more confined space in which they could explore and move due to the fact that stereotypical fathers expect athletic success rather than academic success. Girls are Given more room to explore their counterparts culture while males are stuck in a much tighter box to move about in meaning they are not able to explore the feminine stereotypes. Therefore ,masculine stereotypes are more confined than feminine stereotypes in the social aspect. Masculine stereotypes are more professionally confining than feminine stereotypes. There are fewer choices for careers for men that then for women due to stereotypes. In a 2011 article from USA Today, Gender Stereotypes Easing More for Girls than Boys. Author Seth Wenig describes the ultimate confinement for men in the professional mainstream society. He restates how, women now make up close to half to enrollment in US law and medical schools up from 25% a few decades ago. Now due to the ever-changing world girls now have more choices for careers then their male counterparts. More females are going and graduating from schools which prepare them for a lifelong career not just being nurse as it was thought to be in the past. Men choose not to be nurses because main stream society would not find being a nurse very masculine because it is a mostly female occupied feel due to the fact it has to do with the Female stereotype of caring for another human being. Women are given more opportunities than men to succeed in the professional world, which leave men with fewer choices for careers. Therefore masculine stereotypes are more professionally confining than feminine stereotypes. Addressing the problems of social standards of man and woman requires the ultimate settlement of what it means to be a man and what it what it means to be a woman. Men do not have them of wiggle room to explore the female stereotypes while free to roam all round all stereotypes. When a female try to succeed in a mostly male dominant profession, she is led to shine while when a man tries to do the same he is shun. If men continue to be confined by so societal standards, this will cause a civilization in which it is easier to be a woman than to be a man. Leading men to either join the female standard and gender or collapse under the confinement of their own standards.

Essay --

Vivian Nguyen Amicangelo 8Celtics 22 February 2014 JOSEPH STALIN Joseph Stalin was a man who many people had mixed feelings for. Some say he was a dictator and a tyrant, but others say that as a ruler, he shaped Russia and pushed it in the right direction. Both sides are correct, and there are many examples to back them up. Stalin did accomplish benefiting Russia‘s image, but he was a man who killed many. Stalin was born as Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (later became Joseph Stalin) on December 18, 1879 and his parents were Besarion Jughashvili (father) and Ketevan Geladze (mother). When he was young, his father, Beso, had beaten his mother and him several times. They had a troublesome marriage and often argued about Stalin’s future. His mother wanted him to be a priest because she thought he was smart, so she did everything to get him a good education. His father wanted him to be a cobbler, and said that since he [Stalin’s father] was a cobbler, Stalin would follow the family job and become a cobbler. Fortunately, Stalin‘s mother defeated her husband and she even humiliated him. Stalin ended up doing what his mother wanted-- for a while (Radzinsky 17-31). Stalin is a very interesting man who always changed how he thought of everybody (he also called himself Stalin because â€Å"stalin† means steel) (Montefiore 30 â€Å"Young Stalinâ€Å").He had a huge effect on Russia; in a bad way. When Stalin used to work with Lenin and Trotsky, it wasn’t a competition of who was the best and who should control the country of Russia, but then it all changed. After that, he got people to turn against them and got rid of t... ...lowing him. Another reason was identity. Napoleon only represented Stalin, and that really brought out his characteristics. Since Napoleon was meant to represent Stalin, all of Stalin’s traits, most of his bad deeds, and events occurred in the book. For example, in Animal Farm, Orwell made Snowball seem smarter than Napoleon, but made Napoleon more powerful. This is true in real life because Lenin was a lot more educated than Stalin, but Stalin ended up with the power (Radinsky 97) Although Stalin had been tyrannical and crazy, he made Russia seem stronger, and is still seen as a good person today. Many people look at him like he was a murderous person, but other look at him as the man who made Russia better. He was a great leader, in a way, but that only depends on what the Russians believed in, and whether or not they (or someone they know) worked for Stalin. Essay -- Vivian Nguyen Amicangelo 8Celtics 22 February 2014 JOSEPH STALIN Joseph Stalin was a man who many people had mixed feelings for. Some say he was a dictator and a tyrant, but others say that as a ruler, he shaped Russia and pushed it in the right direction. Both sides are correct, and there are many examples to back them up. Stalin did accomplish benefiting Russia‘s image, but he was a man who killed many. Stalin was born as Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (later became Joseph Stalin) on December 18, 1879 and his parents were Besarion Jughashvili (father) and Ketevan Geladze (mother). When he was young, his father, Beso, had beaten his mother and him several times. They had a troublesome marriage and often argued about Stalin’s future. His mother wanted him to be a priest because she thought he was smart, so she did everything to get him a good education. His father wanted him to be a cobbler, and said that since he [Stalin’s father] was a cobbler, Stalin would follow the family job and become a cobbler. Fortunately, Stalin‘s mother defeated her husband and she even humiliated him. Stalin ended up doing what his mother wanted-- for a while (Radzinsky 17-31). Stalin is a very interesting man who always changed how he thought of everybody (he also called himself Stalin because â€Å"stalin† means steel) (Montefiore 30 â€Å"Young Stalinâ€Å").He had a huge effect on Russia; in a bad way. When Stalin used to work with Lenin and Trotsky, it wasn’t a competition of who was the best and who should control the country of Russia, but then it all changed. After that, he got people to turn against them and got rid of t... ...lowing him. Another reason was identity. Napoleon only represented Stalin, and that really brought out his characteristics. Since Napoleon was meant to represent Stalin, all of Stalin’s traits, most of his bad deeds, and events occurred in the book. For example, in Animal Farm, Orwell made Snowball seem smarter than Napoleon, but made Napoleon more powerful. This is true in real life because Lenin was a lot more educated than Stalin, but Stalin ended up with the power (Radinsky 97) Although Stalin had been tyrannical and crazy, he made Russia seem stronger, and is still seen as a good person today. Many people look at him like he was a murderous person, but other look at him as the man who made Russia better. He was a great leader, in a way, but that only depends on what the Russians believed in, and whether or not they (or someone they know) worked for Stalin.

Has the law proven effective regulating the banking industry or are the limits of a bankers business too complex to be laid down by the law.

Introduction It will be determined in this study whether the limits of a bankers business can ever be laid down by the law or whether a bankers business should in fact be left undefined. This will be done in light of the recent financial crisis so that a determination can be made as to whether banking law has proven effective in regulating bankers or whether unnecessary risk are still being taken. In doing so, the powers and responsibilities of the Financial Services Authority (FSA) will be examined in order to decide whether the activities currently being undertaken by the FSA are sufficient enough to regulate the financial market. Literature Review The main objectives of a bank is to provide financial services to individuals and organisations by allowing money to be either borrowed or deposited whilst at the same time acting as a means for credit to be created. Nevertheless, given the complexity of the modern banking business, it seems as though a lack of regulation exists which is especially evident in light of the recent financial crisis. This is because; banks appear to have taken extortionate risks without any intervention which is highly detrimental to both the economy and consumers. It is quite difficult to determine what a bankers business should consist of, however, which is why great difficulty remains when trying to assess how they ought to be regulated. And, although some attempt to define a bankers business has been made by the courts; Commissioners of the State Savings Bank of Victoria v Permwan & Anor (1914) 19 CLR 45 and United Dominions Trust Ltd v Kirkwood [1966] 1 QB 783 a bankers business still remains ill-de fined. It is unclear whether a bankers business should be laid down by the law, however, since the activities undertaken by banks are often to wide-ranging to classify. This would impose too much restriction on banks and certain activities would be prevented from being undertaken; Woods v Martins Bank (1959) 1 QB 55. Despite this, it is important that some form of restriction is in place so that unnecessary risks are avoided. This was highlighted by Benston and Kaufman (1996, p. 1) when they pointed out that; â€Å"to protect our money, banks should not be allowed to take great risks that might cause them to fail.† Therefore, some restrictions are needed so that banks are not free to do as they wish as this would be extremely damaging to the economy. The Financial Services Authority (FSA) was in fact introduced in order to regulate the activities of bankers, yet it remains arguable whether this has been successfully achieved. This is because, although the FSA has been provided with s tatutory powers under the Financial Services and Markets Act (FMSA) 2000 to regulate the financial services industry more effectively, given the recent financial crisis, it is questionable just how efficient the FSA is. However, as noted by the FSA themselves; â€Å"as a risk-based regulator, our approach is based on a clear statement of the realistic aims and limits of regulation.† Not all agree with this, however, and instead it has been argued that the FSA are no longer relevant in today’s society (House of Commons Treasury Committee, 2009, p. 4). In view of this, it has thus been noted by Awrey that; â€Å"perhaps most glaringly, conventional financial theory failed to adequately account for the complexity of modern financial markets and the nature and pace of financial innovation.† This signifies how the FSA have been unable to keep up-to-date with the advances that are continuously being made within society and that further regulatory procedures are thereby required if the banking industry is to be restored to an acceptable state. Modern financial markets thereby appear to complex for the FSA and so it is important that more stringent regulatory practices are instilled upo n the banking industry so that banks do not abuse their powers and responsibilities. Proposed Methodology In acquiring the relevant information for this study, various academic opinion, case law and legal theory will be analysed. These will be acquired by accessing text books, journal articles, governmental reports and online legal databases. Secondary research will be the main forma of research used for this assignment so that existing data can be collected and analysed in order to reach a conclusion. This will be a more cost effective and time saving way of undertaking the research, which is applicable for this assignment given the difficulty in obtaining primary research from large organisations such as the FSA. Quantitative and qualitative research methods will be used so that information can be gathered that is in numerical form, whilst also gathering information that is not in numerical form but which contains descriptive data. Outline of the WorkOverview of the Banking Industry A brief overview of the banking industry will be provided here in order to determine the main objectives of bankers and the effects in which their activities can have on the economy.Powers and Responsibilities of Bankers It will be considered here whether a bankers business can be defined by the law or whether the activities are too complex to be defined.Regulation of the Banking Industry An evaluation as to whether the banking industry ought to be regulated more efficiently will be made by looking at the existing regulatory procedures and considering whether they have so far been effective or whether more needs to be done in order to prevent further financial crisis’ from arising.Financial Services Authority’s Powers and Responsibilities The powers and responsibilities of the FSA will be considered in order to determine whether additional powers ought to be conferred upon the FSA or whether modern banking is too compl ex to enable the FSA to regulate financial activities. Thus, it will be shown that whilst banking activities do remain complex, the FSA should still be provided with the ability to regulate the banking industry so that a robust system is in place. If the activities of bankers were not was in needed so that any problems that are likely (FSA, 2009, p. 5). Hence, it is vital that the risks taken by bankers are severely limited since much ambiguity would ensue if restraints were not being imposed upon the financial sector and as noted by Johnston (1960, p. 347; â€Å"the difficulty is increased by the fact that banking, like other forms of business, continues to develop and expand its activities to meet its competitors and provide wider services for the public with the result that any attempt to squeeze the concept into the confines of a definition may prove successful today but inadequate tomorrow.†Are the Powers and Responsibilities of the FSA acceptable in today’s soci etyHere, it will be discussed whether the powers and responsibilities of the FSA are acceptable in today’s society where modern banking is more complex than ever. Hence, it will be shown that the FSA has come under much scrutiny since the financial crisis was first instigated, yet rather than taking a step back, the FSA need to take a more interventionist approach so that future financial crisis’ can be prevented. It has thereby been said that the FSA should investigate â€Å"how financial services firms manage their Information Security Risks; how these risks are evolving; the risks they pose to our objectives; and the role industry and government bodies play in assisting regulated firms to address these Information Security Risks† (FSA, 2004, P. 3). If a more interventionist approach is undertaken by the FSA, financial crimes similar to those that caused the economic crisis will be more easily identified and therefore dealt with appropriately. Strong financial crime deterrent messages[1] will also be sent out by the FSA and financial crime will inevitably be reduced. References Awrey, D. (2011) Complexity, Innovation and the Regulation of Modern Financial Markets, Harvard Business Law, Oxford Legal Studies Research Paper No 49/2011, [Online] Available: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1916649 [14 February, 2013]. Benston, G. and Kaufman, G., (1996) Why Regulate Banks, Res, [Online] Available: http://www.res.org.uk/society/mediabriefings/pdfs/1996/July/benston.pdf [13 February 2013]. FSA. (2004). Countering Financial Crime Risks in Information Security, Financial Crime Sector Report, [Online] Available: www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/other/fcrime_sector.pdf [14 February, 2013]. FSA., ‘Delivering a Reduction of Financial Crime’ (2011) FSA Annual Report 2011/12, [Online] Available: www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/annual/ar11-12/section5.pdf [14 February, 2013]. FSA. (2009) The Turner Review; A Regulatory Response to the Global Banking Crisis, Financial Services Authority, [Online] Available: http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/other/turner_review.pdf [14 February, 2013]. FSA., (2012) What we Do: Regulatory Approach, Financial Services Authority, [Online] Available: http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/about/what/approach/index.shtml [13 FEBRUARY, 2013]. House of Commons Treasury Committee. (2009) Banking Crisis: Dealing with the Failure of UK Banks, Seventh Report of Session 2009-09, Report Together with Formal Minutes, HC 416, [Online] Available: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmtreasy/416/416.pdf [14 February, 2013]. Johnston, C. C. (1960) Judicial Comment on the Concept of Banking Business. 2 Osgoode Hall 347. [1] FSA., ‘Delivering a Reduction of Financial Crime’ (2011) FSA Annual Report 2011/12, fsa.gov.uk/pubs/annual/ar11-12/section5.pdf> [Accessed 20 August, 2012].

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Aristotle And Jean Jacques Rousseau And Rousseau On The...

People such as Buddhist monks devote their lives to the search for virtue through isolation and meditation. Others believe that just simply living your life as a generous person and practicing self-preservation is virtuous. These two different, yet similar ideas of virtuous living came from the two philosophers known as Aristotle and Jean-Jacques Rousseau and their works in the Nicomachean Ethics and Discourse on The Origin of Inequality. Aristotle believed that the individual had to meet multiple qualifications in order to truly be virtuous; rather than Rousseau who thought a virtuous person simply needed to preserve their own life and have the virtue pity, or defined by him as your natural impulses. While they both disagree on whether impulse or habit is the key to becoming virtuous or even what virtue is, they agree that we pursue the virtuous life in order to avoid pain. Jean-Jacques Rousseau in The Origin of Inequality talks briefly about a savage man in the state of nature and what makes him virtuous. Rousseau said, â€Å"Qualities that can harm an individual’s preservation ‘vices’ in him and those than can contribute to its ‘virtues.’ In that case it would be necessary to call the one who least resists the simple impulses of nature the most virtuous,†(35). When reading this, one can clearly see Rousseau depicts the virtuous person being the savage man who gives into his impulses. He believes that man should only fulfill his natural impulses of sex, sleep, and food inShow MoreRelatedPolitical Theory: Property1369 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical theory is the issue of property. Classical philosophers like Plato and Aristotle dedicate a large part of their works to speculations about the state of nature and property ownership. 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Fighting the Obesity Epidemic in the UK - 912 Words

Public health aims prevention of health problems before they occur and mainly focuses on population rather than individual (Thorbory, 2009). It also helps to improve the health and well being of individuals, communities and the wider population and prevent from mortality and disability (Nursing Times.net, 2013). Prevention such as immunisation and screening, Protection such as safety and protection from abuse and promotion such as health education are the three main approaches of public health (RCN, 2013). Nowadays there is an increasing rate of overweight or obese children globally. The media appears to be obsessed with the â€Å"Obesity Epidemic† globally (Nice, 2006). This evidence can be supported by the extensive coverage on television, radio, newspapers, journal and magazines (Nice, 2006). According to World Health Organisation childhood Obesity is widely acknowledged as having a global epidemic (W.H.O, 2003). 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F227 Essay Example For Students

F227 Essay This article is a disturbing occurrence of events that happened when a plane crashed in the Andes Mountains. The plane was filled with young rugby players from Uruguay. They were flying form Montevideo, Uruguay to Santiago Chile, a mere 900 miles away. They experienced turbulence on the trip and the pilot decided to stop in Mendoza Argentina for the night. The next day the turbulence had not improved very much, but the rugby players taunted the pilot, until he decided he would fly to Santiago, Chile. The team was now headed for their destination, and everything seemed fine. Suddenly, the plane disappeared into thick clouds. When clearing the clouds, the plane was right along side a mountain. The wing of the plane smashed into the mountain and broke free form the plane, taking the tail with it. The plane plummeted to the ground. Man members of the group were dead on impact. The remaining survivors did not have a food supply for nourishment, and the plane was invisible to rescue crews, for it blended into the snow. As the days dragged on, the need for nutrients grew even more serious. Many survivors could barley even walk throughout the snow anymore. There only choice left, was to eat the deceased from the plane crash. At first, no one wanted to eat his or her friends and relatives. This only lasted another week or so. They carelessly ate the bodies for a few weeks, until they eventually started a system of preserving the bodies, assigned jobs, and rationing. They did this until a few members were well enough to travel out to be rescued. Eventually they were rescued, but the government tried to keep it a secret. The information leaked out, and the media exploited them.This article disgusts me. I kept getting mental images of the survivors skinning the deceased and then eating their raw flesh. I usually can accept certain things outside of the norms in my society, but not cannibalism. This topic seems so wrong in mind, that the notion of cannibalism is completely preposterous. Bibliography:

Introduction To Informatics

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction To Informatics. Answer: Introduction Informatics basically consists of computer information systems. This system tends to make interaction between human and information. By its own conceptual and theoretical foundation helps many other foundations in the field. Many years ago this culture of information was first developed by managing information from the science library which promotes the relationship between science and information (Borghi and Karapapa, 2013). This information is very much helpful for health informatics development. Informatics is a scientific discipline which tends to investigate the structure and the properties of information which deals with science. Informatics regulates the scientific information according to its history, methodology etc. Organizational informatics is one of the most important applications of informatics. The business informatics was first developed in Germany. The business informatics consists of several techniques in computer science. The tools must act as a key factor because the tools must help to answer the questions that are asked by the organization. The benefit of using these advanced tools is that it might be actionable for sometimes. The analysis can only be successful unless and until the tools are well defined. There should be proper awareness among the stake holder as well as the board member that proper use of tools may take time. The analytical tools aim for the proper methodical balance approach (Bu?low, Ahmon and Spencer, 2011). The strategic analysis tool knows that which analytical tool is more suitable to the given objectives of the analysis. The SWOT analysis is a common strategic tool which helps to understand the strength and weaknesses that are involved in the project or business activity. The analysis helps to understand the external and internal factors of the business activity by the defining the objective of the project. The most important part of the analysis is that it helps to achieve the desired goal of the business activity. IT creates political economic and social cultural opportunities to the business organization. This analysis helps to find the current gaps so that the business organization can develop in a better way (Digitization, 2007). IT also protects us from threat which is unfavorable to the business activity. One of the important strategic analyses is Porters five forces. This analysis is developed in 1979 by Michael E. Porter. This analysis increases the competitive strength of the business organization as well as it changes the position of business organization. The porter theory is based on five forces which tend to determine the intensity of competition and attractiveness of the market (Hannah, Ball and Edwards, 2006). By the help of this analysis we can understand the current position of the organization and strength in the market. Porters forces are also used by business organization to know that the new product is profitable or not. If someon e can identify the power and where it lies then this theory an also be used to identify the strength. Identifying the strength improve the weakness of the of the business organization which led to avoid mistakes in future. The Porters five forces are Supplier power- This shows that how easy the supplier increase the price of the product. The whole market is dominated by few suppliers. There is no substitute for any product in the market. The customers for the particular product are low so that the bargaining power is also low (Lerch, 2012). The cost switching from supplier to another supplier might be higher. Buyer power- The buyer power shows how easy is for buyers to drive the price low. It is the ability of the customers how much under pressure they can put the firm to make reduce in price. The buyer power can only be high when there is many alternative in the market. This means the availability of substitute product is the main factor. Competitive rivalry- The main factor is the number of competitor in the market. Every seller is selling different type of goods which might reduce the market attractiveness. Threat of substitution- Availability of same products reduces the power of seller. On the other hand it also reduced the attractiveness of the market (Mackenzie Owen, 2007). This happens because the customer is getting many substitute products in the market. Threat of new entry- Profitable market attracts new sellers but the seller of the market does not allow them because entry of new seller might hamper their business. Entry of new members in the market might switch cost of the goods. The effect of strategic alignment in the business activity is much affective. The strategic alignment enhances the performance of the business organization. The organization will perform better when they will understand the purpose of the work (Middleton, 2005). So strategic alignment helps the business organization to run the business properly, so that they can meet their respective goals. On the other side the lack of strategic alignment may led to failure of the business organization. Often some business organization loses their track because they do not know their purpose of their business. Thus strategic alignment helps the business organization to plan their purpose in a proper way. The customer centered objectives might lack in coordination in the business organization which make the organization misaligned (Mugridge, 2006). That means the strategic goals and organization culture might lose its position from the business. A companys strategic alignment. The strategic alignment helps to increase the operation margins in the IT business. The alignment helps the employees to understand the desired goals so that they can understand their work. Once when the employees understand their task they start working according to the given direction. This make the work flow more efficient and it also creates coordination among the workers. By the help of strategic alignment smart goals are created in the IT business. The IT sectors runs on the desired goals. As in every IT company desired goals are created. The strategic alignment helps in proper execution of company strategy. The alignment helps to focus on the employees as well as on their jobs. To achieve goals in the IT business one should clearly have knowledge on the communication strategic business objectives; because the entire business is depend on the communication. Leading indicators are predictive in nature. They tend to change the communicative skills in the nature. The leading indicators predict the futu re financial trends of the business (Robinson and Bauer, 2011). On the other hand lagging indicators follows the normal way as it changes when there is change in the economic factor. Leading indicator is much preferable because it show the future indication of the financial status of the company. IF they can predict their position it will easier for the employees to do their jobs. Managing data is not a new problem in any business organization. Every business organization cannot keep the data clean because it is not possible to record single data every time. Due to data control policies these messes are created. So a proper establishment is needed for data management. The office administrator should decide whether to add sales in the data management or not. A master data base should be created if the business has multiple databases. Many times the manager gets confused which database should be uploaded. So creating a master database can solve the problem. If we create data map it will be easier to find every data because the data loads every data from input to output. Data map should be updated with regular transaction. The data management helps in data segmenting. IN IT sectors there is need of data management because in IT business there is need of immediate availability of information. The document o the company should in order as because the government at first raids on the IT companies. Managing an IT sector requires proper alignment between data management and technology requirement (Tsai, 2007). This shows the analytical business organizationshould be goal oriented and data management should support this type of business so that they can meet their desired goals. The business organization should adopt both web 2.0 and web 3.0 because these are the next step for gaining information. Web 2.0 is important because it made life easier. By the help of web 2.0 many user produce idea and gets ideas. The users of web 2.0 are no more consumers they also became producer as well as co-producer. The search engine of web 2.0 is more advanced which led to high profit to many IT business organization. Web 3.0 by the help machines intelligence combines web 1.0 and web 2.0. The main importance of web 3.0 is that it can unite users and computer to solve any problem. Due to its high added value the web 3.0 can bring service sand product to the people. Every business environment should be dynamic. But there are some reasons which restrict them in some cases. Due to change in political, social and economic factors this threats are created. Unfaultable market shift is created or changes in technology take place. It also affects the economy by disturbing the level of demands. The threats are created in capital market which led to dissatisfaction towards the companys failure. The threat may create change in structure of the labor market that may influence the trade unions and cautious can be created. Conclusion From the above case study we can conclude that the main purpose of informatics is technology which will take the developing interactions between the human and information. There is still some issue which is needed to be solved. New technologies should be developed to reduce the threats in the market (Yatsko, 2015). Computer system is nowadays is a vital part of human life. References Borghi, M. and Karapapa, S. (2013). Copyright and mass digitization. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Bulow, A., Ahmon, J. and Spencer, R. (2011). Preparing collections for digitization. London: Facet Publishing, in association with the National Archives. Digitization. (2007). [Washington]: [D.C.]. Hannah, K., Ball, M. and Edwards, M. (2006). Introduction to nursing informatics. New York: Springer. Lerch, A. (2012). An introduction to audio content analysis. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Mackenzie Owen, J. (2007). The scientific article in the age of digitization. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. Middleton, K. (2005). Collaborative digitization programs. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Mugridge, R. (2006). Managing digitization activities. Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Libraries. Robinson, P. and Bauer, S. (2011). Introduction to bio-ontologies. Boca Raton: Taylor Francis. Tsai, C. (2007). Biomacromolecules. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Liss. Yatsko, A. (2015). Insight into theoretical and applied informatics. [Place of publication not identified]: De Gruyter Open.

Agatha Christie Best Known Mystery Writer English Literature Essay free essay sample

THE Queen of Crime, Duchess of Death, Dame of the Denouement ; 30 old ages after her decease, Agatha Christie is still the universe s best-known enigma author. Listed by the Guinness Book of Records as the universe s biggest selling writer of fiction, her books have sold more than a billion transcripts in the English linguistic communication, another billion in more than 45 foreign linguistic communications, and it has been claimed she is outsold merely by Shakespeare and the Bible. Her drama The Mousetrap holds the record for the longest continuously running drama of all clip, opening at the Ambassadors Theatre in London on November 25, 1952, and still demoing after more than 20,000 public presentations. It has become as much a tourer finish as Buckingham Palace and the Tower of London. Christie s digesting popularity which is said to hold even reached Buchenwald concentration cantonment, where Judaic inmates performed And Then There Were None, and remote Uruguay, where the Tupamaros guerillas adopted Miss Marple as their honorary leader is undisputed. We will write a custom essay sample on Agatha Christie Best Known Mystery Writer English Literature Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Christie wrote more than 80 novels and dramas, chiefly whodunnits, many of which featured her popular characters Hercule Poirot or Miss Marple. Born Agatha Miller in Torquay, England on September 15, 1890, Christie was an elegant, unnoticeable adult female whom her grandson Mathew Prichard described as a individual who listened more than she talked, who saw more than she was seen . The rejacketing of her books, new versions of Poirot and Marple on ITV and the extroverted launch of the first Agatha Christie computing machine game, have all ensured that Christie s timeless narratives of moral corruptness, slaying and fraudulence continue to make a modern-day audience. Part of her attractive force is believed to lie in her ability to offer the reader a universe of perfect order which is disturbed or threatened merely by the wicked who are so constantly captured. That s why the starvation inmates of Buchenwald are said to hold read her, and why her popularity endures with the remainder of us beneath our cynicism, despite the increasing force and namelessness of our society, we have a deep-rooted desire to believe the universe is an English small town where immorality is punished and justness prevails. Her believable characters the seemingly respectable neighbors who s really composing poisoned pen letters and plotting a slaying and her subjects of greed, passion and what motivates normally sane people to kill are merely as obliging now as when they were written. Christie wrote about what she knew pulling on the military gents, Godheads and ladies, old maids, widows and physicians of her household s circle of friends and familiarities. She was a natural perceiver and her descriptions of small town political relations, local competitions and household green-eyed monsters are frequently distressingly accurate. However, authors such as the offense author PD James have criticised her authorship manner and unlifelike cut-out characters. However, a survey by neurolinguists at the universities of London, Birmingham and Warwick shows that Christie s very simpleness may hold been a critical portion of her success. They found that Christie peppered her prose with phrases that act as a trigger to raise degrees of 5-hydroxytryptamine and endorphins, the chemical couriers in the encephalon that induce pleasance and satisfaction. Harmonizing to one of the research workers on the undertaking, the release of these neurological opiates stimulated remarkably high activity in the encephalon, rendering her books literally unputdownable. Her gentle, limited vocabulary besides meant that readers were non distracted from the hints and the secret plans, and the repeat of certain words used alternatively they helped excite the pleasure-inducing side of the encephalon. These include words such as she, yes, girl, sort, smiled, all of a sudden and phrases such as can you maintain an oculus on this , more or less , a twenty-four hours or two and something like that . Another fast one was the frequent usage of the elan to make a faster-paced, unthinking narration which enticed the reader to go on. However, Mathew Prichard believes his grandma s unbelievable success hinged on the simple fact that she was an first-class story-teller. It s non truly a enigma. She was merely a author of great secret plans, he said. Christie herself said she neer knew where the thoughts for a new novel would jump from: Plots come to me at such uneven minutes, when I am walking along the street, or analyzing a chapeau store aˆÂ ¦ all of a sudden a glorious thought comes into my caput, she said. She made eternal notes, jotting down thoughts and possible secret plans and characters as they came to her. I normally have about half a twelve ( notebooks ) on manus and I used to do notes in them of thoughts that struck me, or about some toxicant or drug, or a cagey small spot of victimizing that I had read about in the paper, she said. She spent the bulk of clip on each book working out all the secret plan inside informations and hints in her caput before she really put pen to paper. You neer saw her authorship, she neer shut herself off, like other authors do, said her son-in-law Anthony Hicks. IT was frequently the most mundane events and insouciant observations that triggered a new secret plan. Her 2nd book The Secret Adversary stemmed from a insouciant conversation overheard in a tea store. Two people were speaking at a tabular array nearby, discoursing person called Jane Fish that, I thought, would do a good beginning to a narrative a name overheard at a tea store an unusual name, so that whoever heard it remembered it. A name like Jane Fish, or possibly Jane Finn would be even better. Whatever the grounds for her success, Christie s popularity remains bright. The BBC has produced telecasting and wireless versions of most of the Poirot and Marple narratives. A ulterior series of Poirot dramatizations starring David Suchet was made by Granada telecasting and in 2004 the Japanese airing company Nippon Housou Kyoukai turned Poirot and Marple into alive characters in the anime series Agatha Christie s Great Detectives Poirot and Marple. Murder on the Orient Express ( 1974 ) , Witness for the Prosecution ( 1957 ) , And Then There Were None ( 1945 ) , and Death on the Nile ( 1978 ) are a few of the successful movies based on her plants. Movie audiences have been treated to a broad assortment of character readings for both. Poirot has been played by a assortment of histrions: Austin Trevor ( the original Poirot ) , Tony Randall, Albert Finney, and Peter Ustinov, who was undeniably the funniest. Miss Marple has been portrayed by Margaret Rutherford, Angela Lansbury, Joan Hickson, and in made-for-television films by Helen Hayes. For Agatha Christie, nevertheless, enigma was non wholly restricted to her imaginativeness. In December 1926, she disappeared for 11 yearss, doing rather a storm in the imperativeness. Her auto was found abandoned in a chalk cavity. She was finally found remaining at a hotel in Harrogate, where she claimed to hold suffered memory losss due to a nervous dislocation following the decease of her female parent and her hubby s confessed unfaithfulness. She had married Colonel Archibald Christie, a combatant pilot, in 1914 and the twosome had one girl, Rosalind, before their divorce in 1928. Opinions are still divided as to whether this was a promotion stunt or non. Christie besides wrote six romantic novels under the anonym Mary Westmacott. She wrote non-fiction as good including Agatha Christie, An Autobiography and an entertaining history of the many archaeological expeditions she went on with her 2nd hubby, Sir Max Mallowan. In 1971, she received the Order of Dame Commander of the British Empire. She died peacefully at place on January 12, 1976, at the age of 85.